IcsA, a polarly localized autotransporter with an atypical signal peptide, uses the Sec apparatus for secretion, although the Sec apparatus is circumferentially distributed

Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the optimization of cutinase secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum

BACKGROUND Technical bulk enzymes represent a huge market, and the extracellular production of such enzymes is favorable due to lowered cost for product recovery. Protein secretion can be achieved via general secretion (Sec) pathway. Specific sequences, signal peptides (SPs), are necessary to direct the target protein into the translocation machinery. For example, >150 Sec-specific SPs have bee...

IpaD is localized at the tip of the Shigella flexneri type III secretion apparatus.

Type III secretion (T3S) systems are used by numerous Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to inject virulence proteins into animal and plant host cells. The core of the T3S apparatus, known as the needle complex, is composed of a basal body transversing both bacterial membranes and a needle protruding above the bacterial surface. In Shigella flexneri, IpaD is required to inhibit the activity of t...

Peptide Separations Using Zenix SEC-80

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been widely applied in protein separation based on their molecular sizes. Here we present a peptide mixture from 1kD to 6 kD separation on size exclusion chromatography column Zenix TM -80. The effect of different mobile phases on the peptides’ separation performances was also explored. In the separation of insulin, glucagon, angiotensin I and bradykinin,...

Golgi Apparatus-Localized Synaptotagmin 2 Is Required for Unconventional Secretion in Arabidopsis

BACKGROUND Most secretory proteins contain signal peptides that direct their sorting to the ER and secreted via the conventional ER/Golgi transport pathway, while some signal-peptide-lacking proteins have been shown to export through ER/Golgi independent secretory pathways. Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus that is active against both prokaryoti...

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